CA

NY

OR

TX

Chance for success index (2007)

Total points awarded

-6

8

-7

-15

Rank

34

18

35

48

State achievement index (2007)

Total points awarded

-4

8

8

11

Rank

37

22

22

16

CA

NY

OR

TX

Percent of children who live in above-low-income families (2005)

57.6

61.4

58.6

50.2

Percent of children with at least one parent with a postsecondary degree (2005)

37.2

48.4

41.9

34.4

Percent of children with at least one parent with steady employment (2005)

68.4

69.3

67.8

69.6

Percent of children whose parents are fluent English-speakers (2005)

62.3

81

86

72.8

Percent of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool (2005)

45.5

52.5

34.7

40.6

Percent of eligible children enrolled in kindergarten programs (2005)

78.3

74.9

77.9

76.3

Percent of 4th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP reading test (2005)

21

33

29

29

Percent of 8th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP mathematics test (2005)

22

31

34

31

Percent of public high school students who graduate with a diploma (2002-03)

70.7

65

71.1

67.3

Percent of young adults (18-24) enrolled in postsecondary education or with a degree (2005)

50

57

44

42

Percent of adults (25-64) with a 2-4 year postsecondary degree (2005)

38.9

43.3

37.2

32.9

Percent of adults (25-64) with incomes at or above the national median (2005)

53.6

54.4

46.3

45.6

Percent of adults (25-64) in labor force working full time and year-round (2005)

64.5

67.3

60.5

68.2

Chance for success index (2007)

Total points awarded

-6

8

-7

-15

Rank

34

18

35

48

CA

NY

OR

TX

Outcome and spending indicators

Percent of children born weighing at least 2.500 grams (2006)

93.3%

91.8%

94%

92%

Percent of children from families with incomes at least 200% of poverty level (2005)

57.6%

61.4%

58.6%

50.2%

Percent of children with at least one parent with a postsecondary degree (2005)

37.2%

48.4%

41.9%

34.4%

Percent of children with at least one parent working full time and year-round (2005)

68.4%

69.3%

67.8%

69.6%

Percent of children whose parents are fluent English-speakers (2005)

62.3%

81%

86%

72.8%

Percent of children covered by health insurance (2005)

86.2%

92%

89.8%

80.8%

Spending on child-care services

Total Spending (FY 2004-05)

$2,057,946,824

$1,024,216,803

$91,786,179

$607,036,841

Per-capita spending (FY 2004-05)

$766

$815

$403

$326

CA

NY

OR

TX

Access and funding

Percent of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool (2005)

45.5%

52.5%

34.7%

40.6%

State has policy funding preschool education program (2004-05)

Percent of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in state-funded preschool (2004-05)

8%

14%

4%

24%

State spending on preschool education programs

Total spending (2004-05)

$264,429,940

$246,422,978

$26,700,000

$478,000,000

Per-capita spending (2004-05)

$3,218

$3,548

$7,624

$2,707

Preschool

State has comprehensive early-learning standards (2004-05)

State has early-learning standards aligned with elementary grade academic standards (2006-07)

State has formal definition of school readiness (2006-07)

State requires districts to assess readiness of entering students (2006-07)

State has interventions for children not meeting school readiness expectations (2006-07)

Kindergarten

Percent of eligible children enrolled in kindergarten programs (2005)

78.3%

74.9%

77.9%

76.3%

State requires districts to offer kindergarten program (2003-04)

State requires eligible children to attend kindergarten (2003-04)

Age at which children are eligible to attend kindergarten (2003-04)

5

5

5

5

Kindergarten learning expectations are aligned with elementary-secondary standards (2006-07)

CA

NY

OR

TX

Achievement level

Percent of 4th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP mathematics test (2005)

28

36

37

40

Percent of 8th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP mathematics test (2005)

22

31

34

31

Percent of 4th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP reading test (2005)

21

33

29

29

Percent of 8th grade public school students "proficient" on NAEP reading test (2005)

21

33

33

26

Achievement gains

Math NAEP scale score change 2003 to 2005 (4th grade)

2.9

2.2

2

4.7

Math NAEP scale score change 2003 to 2005 (8th grade)

1.5

1.3

4.1

Reading NAEP scale score change 2003 to 2005 (4th grade)

0.9

0.5

0.7

3.9

Reading NAEP scale score change 2003 to 2005 (8th grade)

0.6

0.2

0.9

0.6

Poverty gap NAEP scale score, 8th grade math (2005)

27.6

24.4

19.1

24.8

Poverty-gap scale-score change 2003 to 2005 (8th grade math)

-2.2

-6.6

0.7

0.9

Graduation Rates (all students, public schools)

2003

70.7

65

71.1

67.3

Graduation rate change 2000 to 2003

2.7

2.3

6

3.9

High test scores (3 or above) per 100 students in grades 11 and 12 (public schools) (2005)

2005

21.2

25.3

8.1

17.2

Change 2000 to 2005

5.4

4.3

2.6

5.9

Math Bonus

Percent of 8th grade public school students "advanced" on NAEP mathematics test (2005)

4.5

6.3

7.3

6.2

State achievement index

State achievement index (2007)

Total Points awarded

-4

8

8

11

Rank

37

22

22

16

CA

NY

OR

TX

College readiness

State has defined college readiness (2006-07)

State requires all high schools students to take a college-prep program to earn a diploma (2006-07)

¹

Course credits required for diploma are aligned with postsecondary system (2006-07)

²

State high school assessments are aligned with postsecondary system (2006-07)

Postsecondary admission and placement

Statewide high school assessment results used for admission, placement, or scholarship decisions in state postsecondary system (2006-07)

³

⁴

Admission to state's 4-year postsecondary system guaranteed to qualifying public high school graduates (2006-07)

State postsecondary system uses the same assessment system for placement decisions on statewide basis (2006-07)

⁵

Postsecondary access

Percent of ninth graders who will graduate on time and attend college (chance for college) (2002)

35%

37%

33%

33%

Number of full-time, first-time degree seekers in public postsecondary institutions per 100 high school completers (2004)

Total

41

63

45

47

Public 4-year

20

31

26

23

Public 2-year

21

32

19

24

Percent of young adults involved in postsecondary education (2005)

50%

57%

44%

42%

Postsecondary Costs

Two-year public institutions (2005-06)

Cost (tuition only)

$718

$3,180

$2,642

$1,282

Cost as percent of median family income

$1

$5

$5

$3

Four-year public institutions (2005-06)

Cost (tuition + room & board)

$13,137

$12,838

$12,443

$10,771

Cost as percent of median family income

$21

$21

$23

$22

Financial aid per student - 4-year public institutions (2006)

Federal grant

916

1,273

1,134

1,235

State grant need-based

571

1,206

245

470

State grant non-need-based

0

45

3

65

Institutional grant

3,578

2,055

2,015

1,856

Total

5,066

4,580

3,396

3,625

Average size of annual undergraduate student loan (2006)

4,089

3,901

3,558

3,541

Postsecondary persistence and completion

Persistence in first year (2004)

4-year public institutions

86

78

77

74

2-year public institutions

66

62

53

55

Degree completion rate within 150% of expected time (2004)

4-year public institutions (entering 1998 cohort)

59

46

52

46

2-year public institutions (entering 2001 cohort)

36

22

17

15

¹Class of 2008

²2-yr. & 4-yr. schools

³4-year schools

⁴2-yr. & 4-yr. schools

⁵2-yr. & 4-yr. schools

CA

NY

OR

TX

Work readiness

K-12 education system has work readiness definition (2006-07)

K-12 work readiness definition is different from college readiness (2006-07)

State offers standard high school diploma with career specialization (2006-07)

K-12 system offers pathway leading to industry-recognized certificate or license (2006-07)

K-12 system offers pathway to earn credits to transfer to postsecondary education system (2006-07)

Returns to education

Adult educational attainment levels (2005) (percent of resident population age 25-64)

Less than high school

19

13

11

19

High school completer

21

28

25

26

Some college (includes associate's degree)

29

26

35

29

College graduate

31

34

29

26

Median income by education level (2005)

Less than high school

18,345

20,384

18,392

16,307

High school completer

28,537

29,353

26,499

24,562

Some college (includes associate's degree)

37,710

35,672

30,576

32,614

College graduate

61,151

56,055

45,874

50,960

Income gap (2005)

High school completer vs. less than high school

10,192

8,969

8,107

8,255

College graduate vs. high school completer

32,614

26,703

19,375

26,397

College graduate vs. less than high school

42,806

35,672

27,482

34,652

Steady employment by education level (2005)

Less than high school

59

58

52

59

High school completer

66

67

61

69

Some college (includes associate's degree)

65

69

62

71

College graduate

66

69

60

71

Employment gap (2005)

High school completer vs. less than high school

6.8

9.5

9

9.9

College graduate vs. high school completer

0.4

1.7

-1.3

2.2

College graduate vs. less than high school

7.2

11.2

7.7

12.1

CA

NY

OR

TX

Standards

State has adopted standards in the core subjects (2006-07)

State has standards that are clear, specific, and grounded in content (2006-07)

English/language arts

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

HS

HS

Mathematics

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Science

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Social studies/history

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

MS HS

State has supplementary resources or guides that elaborate on standards (2006-07)

English/language arts

Mathematics

Science

Social studies/history

State regularly revises content standards (2006-07)

Most recent school year in which state updated standards (2006-07)

English/language arts

1997-98

2004-05

2002-03

1998-99

Mathematics

1997-98

2004-05

2001-02

2006-07

Science

1998-99

1995-96

2000-01

1998-99

Social studies/history

1998-99

1995-96

2000-01

1998-99

Assessments

Types of statewide tests required (2006-07)

Aligned to state standards, test custom-designed to match state standards (CRT)

Aligned to state standards, augmented/hybrid test

Off-the-shelf/norm-referenced test (NRT)

Type of test items state uses to measure student performance (2006-07)

Multiple-choice

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Short-answer

ES MS HS

HS

Extended-response in English/language arts

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Extended-response in other subjects

ES MS HS

Portfolio

Subjects in which state uses assessments aligned to state standards (2006-07)

English/language arts

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Mathematics

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

Science

ES MS HS

ES MS HS

MS HS

ES MS HS

Social studies/history

MS HS

ES MS HS

MS HS

Scores on state assessments are vertically equated (in grades 3-8) (2006-07)

English/language arts

Mathematics

School Accountability

State assigns ratings to all schools based on criteria other than AYP (2006-07)

State has a statewide student-identification system (2006-07)

State uses measures of individual student growth to rate schools for AYP (2006-07)

State uses measures of individual student growth for state ratings (2006-07)

State rewards high-performing or improved schools (2006-07)

State holds both Title I and non-Title I schools accountable for performance:

State provides assistance to low-performing schools (2006-07)

State sanctions low-performing schools (2006-07)

State sanctions include (2006-07):

Withholding funds

Offering supplemental services

Permitting student transfers

Implementing new curriculum

Reconstituting school staff

Restructuring schools

Closing schools

Reopening school as charter

Turning school over to private management

Turning over school management to state agency